Adobe Reader Full Standalone/Offline Installer
Please note that this post is over a year old and may contain outdated information.

Adobe does have full installers available, though they aren't easy to navigate to from Adobe's website. They are available on Adobe's FTP site, which you probably didn't know existed. The current version of Adobe Reader can be downloaded from the following directory:
ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/reader/
From that directory, select the directories that correspond to your operating system, version, and language.